paraventricular nucleus การใช้

• TRH is produced by the globe in medial neurons of the paraventricular nucleus.
• Activation of the median preoptic nucleus leads to stimulation of the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ).
• CRH is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) of the hypothalamus in response to stress.
• These neurons project to the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus to regulate the activity of vasopressin-secreting neurons.
• Early life stress is correlated with hyper-phosphorylation of the MeCP2 protein in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
• Most of the circulating oxytocin and vasopressin hormones are synthesized in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.
• Thus, glutamate bound to receptors is necessary for the activation of these neurons in the median preoptic nucleus and the activation of the paraventricular nucleus.
• Cirazoline has also been shown to decrease food intake in rats, purportedly through activation of ? 1 adrenoceptors in the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus of the brain.
• There is a high expression of GPER, as well as ER?, in oxytocin neurons in various parts of the hypothalamus, including the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus.
• Stimulation of 5-HT 2C receptors leads to increase of corticotropin releasing hormone ( CRH ) and vasopressin mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus and proopiomelanocortin in the anterior pituitary lobe.
• Nesfatin / NUCB2 expression has been reported to be modulated by starvation and re-feeding in the Paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) and supraoptic nucleus ( SON ) of the brain.
• It has been suggested that large doses ( ) of NmU inhibits the activity of the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and / or the sympathetic preganglionic neurons, thus controlling the activity.
• Secretin and its receptor are found in discrete nuclei of the hypothalamus, including the paraventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus, which are the primary brain sites for regulating body energy homeostasis.
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ) is a releasing hormone found mainly in the paraventricular nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus that regulates the release of corticotropin ( ACTH ) from the pituitary gland.
• It directly acts on the paraventricular nucleus to decrease CRH release and down regulate norepinephrine functioning in the locus coeruleus . which is approximately the same amount of time it takes for SSRIs to take effect.
• Competitive aggressive behavior was found to be linked with AVT release in the BSTm, whereas defensive, nest-protecting behavior was linked with AVT release in the neurons of the Hypothalamus and Paraventricular Nucleus.
• The cell bodies of the oxytocin and vasopressin neurons are in the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus, respectively, and the electrical activity of these neurons is regulated by afferent synaptic inputs from other brain regions.
• The expression of NmUR2 in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus ( PVN ), a major site for the release of Corticotropin-releasing hormone ( CRH ), suggests an alternative role in mediating stress response.
• EP3-expressing neurons in the POA innervate the dorsomedial hypothalamus ( DMH ), the rostral raphe pallidus nucleus in the medulla oblongata ( rRPa ), and the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) of the hypothalamus.
• In a 1983 study, NPY-ergic axon terminals were located in the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) of the hypothalamus, and the highest levels of NPY immunoreactivity was found within the PVN of the hypothalamus.